What must a claim against a municipality include to be valid?

A valid claim against a municipality must be submitted in a sworn written document. This requirement serves to ensure that the claims are formally documented, providing a clear record of the allegations and the basis for the claim. A sworn statement signifies that the claimant is affirming the truth of their assertions under penalty of perjury, which adds a level of seriousness and credibility to the claim.

This written documentation typically must also comply with specific procedural rules delineated by law regarding the content and format of such claims, which further strengthens their validity. The need for a sworn written document is integral to the legal process, as it helps the municipality understand the basis of the claim and prepares it for potential litigation.

Other options, such as an oral statement, a witness to the claim, or a recommendation from a judge, do not meet the legal standards required for submitting a claim against a municipality. Each of these lacks the formal structure and verification that a sworn written document provides, which is essential in the context of municipal claims.