Which of the following is NOT a basis for in personam jurisdiction in New York?

In New York, in personam jurisdiction refers to the court's power to render a judgment affecting a particular individual. There are several established bases for obtaining in personam jurisdiction, including presence, long-arm jurisdiction, and domicile.

Presence allows a court to assert jurisdiction over an individual who is physically present in New York at the time a legal action is initiated. This is a fundamental principle of personal jurisdiction, as being in the state provides sufficient contact for the court to exercise its authority.

Long-arm jurisdiction is a mechanism that allows courts in New York to reach beyond state lines to exercise jurisdiction over individuals or entities that have established certain affiliations with the state. For example, if an individual commits a tort within New York or transacts business there, New York courts can claim jurisdiction even if the person resides outside the state.

Domicile is another established basis for in personam jurisdiction. A court can assert jurisdiction over individuals who are legal residents of New York, as their permanent home is established within the state.

Mailing a complaint, however, does not establish in personam jurisdiction. Simply sending a legal document to an individual does not create sufficient contact with the state of New York to allow the courts there to claim jurisdiction over that person. Effective service of process